Engineering geological survey methods: pit exploration and drilling
Release time:
2023-10-12
How are the methods of engineering geological survey, such as pit exploration and drilling, carried out? Below, the editor will take you to understand the knowledge of pit exploration and drilling! Introduction to pit and trench exploration: Pit and trench exploration refers to the manual or mechanical excavation of pits, trenches, wells, and holes. By directly observing the natural state of the rock and soil layers and the geological structure of each layer, nearly actual undisturbed structural soil samples are taken.
How are the methods of engineering geological survey, such as pit exploration and drilling, carried out? Below, the editor will take you to understand the knowledge of pit exploration and drilling! Introduction to pit and trench exploration: Pit and trench exploration refers to the manual or mechanical excavation of pits, trenches, wells, and holes. By directly observing the natural state of the rock and soil layers and the geological structure of each layer, nearly actual undisturbed structural soil samples are taken.
Exploring trenches, characteristics: In long strip trenches with a surface depth of less than 3-5 meters, its application conditions include stripping surface soil, exposing bedrock, dividing stratigraphic lithology, and studying fault fracture zones; Exploring the thickness, substance, and structure of residual alluvial deposits. Test pit, feature: vertical circular or square pit, depth less than 3~5m on the ground. Its applicable conditions include local detachment of the covering layer and exposure of the bedrock; Conduct load tests and water seepage tests, and take undisturbed soil samples. The characteristics of shallow wells: vertical circular or square wells 5~15m away from the surface; Determine the lithology and thickness of the overburden and weathered layers; Conduct load tests; Take undisturbed soil samples. Vertical shaft (inclined shaft), characteristic: the shape is the same as a shallow shaft, but the depth is greater than 15m. Sometimes support is needed. Applicable conditions: understanding the thickness and properties of the overburden layer, crustal zoning, distribution of weak interlayers, fault fracture zones and karst development, landslide structure and sliding surface, etc; Arranged in areas with flat terrain and gentle rock formations.
Engineering drilling: refers to an exploration method in which a drilling rig is used to drill holes in the formation to identify and divide the subsurface strata, and samples can be taken along the depth of the hole.
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